Under pressure – how does the EU stand up to populism, extremism and nationalism?

The global political situation characterised by ever more intense conflicts, demands maximum unity and determination from the EU countries. However, the necessary cohesion is increasingly being countered across the Union by agressive populist nationalism. Extremists are challenging the foundations of the European integration model, the commitment to democracy and the rule of law. This development and what the EU can do against it will be the thematic focus of the 26th WDR Europaforum from 27-29 May 2024 in Berlin.

Firewalls, political ostracism, demystification through involvement, sanctions, bans: In the EU and any number of its member states, all kinds of strategic approaches to counter populism – predominantly from the right -, extremism and nationalism have been tried out over the past years and decades. So far, none of them have worked in the long run. On the contrary, these movements are gaining ground in more and more countries.

This is not just one problem among many. It is about the bedrock of the European Union. Populists and extremists want to replace its basic political principles – separation of powers, democratic control, freedom of opinion, protection of minorities – with authoritarian concepts. The culture of compromise-orientated coexistence shall give way to nationally based ideas of identity. The EU – “Brussels” – is one of the main enemies of nationalist demagogy.

The dramatic escalation of international crises and conflicts poses additional problems for Europe. After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the war in the Middle East is another challenge. In both cases, the EU is finding it difficult to reconcile its conflicting interests. The same applies to the contentious issues of migration and the climate crisis, allowing major gains to populists and extremists. A look at global politics reveals further risks: Which way the US is headed? What will become of the transatlantic partnership after the elections in November 2024? What means will China use to pursue its great power ambitions?

In this situation, the EU is confronted with fundamental questions: What drives the opponents of European integration and liberal democracy? Why do they meet with considerable public approval? And, above all, what could be done to stop or even reverse this development?

Just in time for the elections to the European Parliament, the upcoming WDR Europaforum is looking for answers under the title: